[Effect of catgut implantation on macrophage CD68, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1ß in "Zusanli" (ST 36) region of rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of local macrophages and related cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) after catgut implantation in "Zusanli"(ST 36) in rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in inducing therapeutic effect. METHODS: A total of 110 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n=10), catgut embedding (CE) group (n=50), and sham CE group (n=50). The CE and sham CE groups were randomly divided into 8 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d subgroups after the intervention (n=10 in each time point group). Rats of the CE group were uniformly subjected into catgut embedding at ST36 once, and those of the sham CE group received embedding needle puncture at ST36 without catgut retention, and the blank control group was only grasped and fixed without other treatments. Tissues from the ST36 area in each group were collected at the corresponding time points, and the expression of CD68 in macrophages in the acupoint area was detected by immunofluorescence, the contents of TNF-α and IL-1ß in the acupoint area were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Following catgut embedment at ST36, the contents of TNF-α and IL-1ß, and macrophage CD68 expression level began to increase at 8 h, peaked at 3 d, and then gradually decreased at 7, 14, and 21 d, being still higher in the CE group than in the blank control group at 21 d (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the contents of TNF-α and IL-1ß, and macrophage CD68 expression were significantly increased at 8 h, and 3, 7, 14 and 21 d in the CE group (P<0.05). Following sham CE at ST36, the content of TNF-α at 8 h and 3 d, IL-1ß at 8 h and 3, 7 and 14 d, and expression of CD68 at 8 h were significantly increased in comparison with the blank control group (P<0.05). Comparison between the CE and sham CE groups showed that the contents of IL-1ß at 3, 7, 14 and 21 d, and contents of TNF-α，CD68 expression at 8 h, and 3, 7, 14 and 21 d were significantly higher in the CE group than in the sham CE group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Catgut embedding at ST36 can induce an increase levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß and macrophage CD68 in the local microenvironment in rats, which may contribute to its functions in initiating therapeutic effect.

Overcoming slow removal efficiency-induced highly toxic I-DBPs in water by oxygen vacancies enriched invasive plant biochar catalyst: Experimental and theoretical studies.

Developing effective and safe catalysts operated in the in-depth removal of iodinated X-ray contrast media is important for overcoming slow removal efficiency-induced highly toxic iodine-replaced disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs). In this study, a novel oxygen vacancies enriched heterogeneous biochar catalyst (Mo-Co-ECM) from the invasive plant was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization method and used for the in-depth removal of iohexol (IOH) by the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The results indicated that after adding PMS for 3 min, the removal efficiency of IOH in Mo-Co-ECM/PMS system reached 100% and exhibited a superior degradation efficiency compared to Co-ECM/PMS and ECM/PMS system. Only nine I-DBPs were found during the degradation, which were dominated by small molecules compounds (MW<400). The in-depth degradation suppresses the formation of the toxic intermediates. The density functional theory and electron spin resonance showed that due to the existence of Mo and oxygen vacancies, the electron transfer ability was improved, which accelerated the cycle of Co3+/Co2+, so as to enhance the catalytic activity of Mo-Co-ECM/PMS system. This study is expected to provide a general way for decreasing the production of toxic intermediates during the advanced oxidation of contaminants, meanwhile recovering resources.

Highly Efficient Single-Exciton Strong Coupling with Plasmons by Lowering Critical Interaction Strength at an Exceptional Point.

The single-exciton strong coupling with the localized plasmon mode (LPM) at room temperature is highly desirable for exploiting quantum technology. However, its realization has been a very low probability event due to the harsh critical conditions, severely compromising its application. Here, we present a highly efficient approach for achieving such a strong coupling by reducing the critical interaction strength at the exceptional point based upon the damping inhibition and matching of the coupled system, instead of enhancing the coupling strength to overcome the system's large damping. Experimentally, we compress the LPM's damping linewidth from about 45 nm to about 14 nm using a leaky Fabry-Perot cavity, a good match to the excitonic linewidth of about 10 nm. This method dramatically relaxes the harsh requirement in mode volume by more than an order of magnitude and allows a maximum direction angle of the exciton dipole relative to the mode field of up to around 71.9°, significantly improving the success rate of achieving the single-exciton strong coupling with LPMs from about 1% to about 80%.

[Bibliometric analysis on key elements of clinical application of acupoint catgut embedding therapy in recent ten years].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of acupoint catgut embedding methods, tools, catgut types, and the treatment cycles in the clinical research in recent ten years both at home and abroad, so as to summarize its regularities and to provide technical references for further studies. METHODS: Articles about clinical researches on catgut embedding therapy published in recent ten years (from January 1, 2010 to December 31,2020) were retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed by using key words of "acupoint embedding" "acupoint catgut embedding" and "catgut implantation at acupoint". According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a new database was established for analyzing the data mentioned above. RESULTS: 1) A total of 1 196 articles were collected, including 15 English articles and 1 181 Chinese articles, presenting a fluctuating increasing trend in recent ten years. 2) The commonly used acupoint embedding methods included disposable catgut embedment needle method (399 times, 38.89%) and disposable syringe needle catgut embedding method (347 times, 33.82%), for which two or multiple methods were mentioned in the same one article. 3) The most frequently used top two tools for catgut embedding were the dispo-sable catgut embedment needle (463 times, 43.03%) and disposable syringe needle (406 times,37.73%), with a significant increase in the application of disposable syringe needle. The most commonly used size of tools included No. 7 (283 times, 39.86%), No. 9 (196 times, 27.61%) and No. 8 (109 times, 15.35%). 4) The most frequently implanted surgical suture was still the common catgut (671 times, 58.15%) despite of a reduction in clinical application year by year, and the types of the implanted suture materials were gradually enriched since 2018, such as the absorbable surgical suture, polyethylprolactide(PGLA), collagen protein thread, polydioxanone(PPDO), etc. The commonly used implanted catgut size was 3-0 (227 times, 30.15%), 2-0 (176 times, 23.37%), 4-0 (131 times, 17.40%), 0 (103 times, 13.68%), with the commonly used catgut length being 1 cm (332 times, 35.55%), 1.5 cm (103 times, 11.03%), 1-2 cm (92 times, 9.85%) and 2 cm (92 times, 9.85%). 5) The intervals of the catgut implantation were 7 days (313 times, 28.95%), 14 days (262 times, 24.24%), 10 days (174 times, 16.10%), and 15 days (162 times, 14.99%). CONCLUSION: In recent ten years, clinical research on acupoint catgut embedding is growing rapidly, and the embedding methods, tools, implanted sutures, and embedding intervals are various, which may provide certain technical references for the future researches and suggest an urgent need of formulation of the standardized and unified standards in this field.

Cavity spectral-hole-burning to boost coherence in plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems.

Significant decoherence of the plasmon-emitter (i.e., plexcitonic) strong coupling systems hinders the progress towards their applications in quantum technology due to the unavoidable lossy nature of the plasmons. Inspired by the concept of spectral-hole-burning (SHB) for frequency-selective bleaching of the emitter ensemble, we propose 'cavity SHB' by introducing cavity modes with moderate quality factors to the plexcitonic system to boost its coherence. We show that the detuning of the introduced cavity mode with respect to the original plexcitonic system, which defines the location of the cavity SHB, is the most critical parameter. Simultaneously introducing two cavity modes of opposite detunings, the excited-state population of the emitter can be enhanced by 4.5 orders of magnitude within 300 fs, and the attenuation of the emitter's population can be slowed down by about 56 times. This theoretical proposal provides a new approach of cavity engineering to enhance the plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems' coherence, which is important for realistic hybrid-cavity design for applications in quantum technology.

Fano effect induced giant and robust enhancement of photon correlations in cavity QED systems.

The Fano effect arising from the interference between two dissipation channels of the radiation continuum enables tuning of the photon statistics. Understanding the role of the Fano effect and exploiting it to achieve strong photon correlations are of both fundamental and applied significance. We present an analytical description of Fano-enhanced photon correlations based on cavity quantum electrodynamics to show that the Fano effect in atom-cavity systems can improve the degree of antibunching by over four orders of magnitude. The enhancement factors and the optimal conditions are explicitly given, and found to relate to the Fano parameter q. Remarkably, the Fano enhancement manifests robustness against the decoherence processes and can survive in the weak coupling regime. We expect our work to provide insight to tuning the photon statistics through the Fano effect, which offers a new, to the best of our knowledge, route to enhance the photon correlations, as well as the possibility of generating nonclassical light in a wider diversity of systems without the need of a strong light-matter interaction.

[Effect of moxibustion combined with acupoint catgut embedding on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion combined with acupoint catgut embedding on the content of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the expressions of janus activated kinase (JAK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in colonic mucosa of rats with ulcerative colitis (UC), so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of UC. METHODS: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE), moxibustion and acupoint catgut embedding combined with moxibustion (combination) groups (n=6 rats in each group). The UC model was established by enema of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid and ethanol. Moxibustion was applied to bilateral "Tianshu" (ST25), "Dachangshu" (BL25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST37) for 10 min, once daily for 14 days, and ACE applied to the same 3 acupoints, once a week for two weeks. After the treatment, colonic mucosal pathological changes were observed by H.E. staining, the level of IL-6 in colonic mucosa was assayed by ELISA, and the expressions of JAK and STAT3 in colonic mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: H.E. staining showed severe defect of the colonic mucosal epithelium with infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells in the model group, which was milder in moxibustion, ACE and combination groups. After modeling, the content of colonic IL-6, and the expression levels of JAK and STAT3 were obviously increased (P<0.01) in the model group relevant to the normal group. Following the intervention, the increase of IL-6 contents, and JAK and STAT3 expressions were reversed (P<0.05, P<0.01) in moxibustion, ACE and combination groups. The therapeutic effects of moxibustion combined with ACE were considerably superior to those of simple ACE and simple moxibustion in down-regulating the levels of JAK and STAT3 expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupoint catgut embedding combined with moxibustion can repair the injured colonic mucosa of UC rats, which may be related with its effect in suppressing the activation of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

The mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between perceived stress and mental health in Chinese rural older adults living alone: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: Older adults living alone is becoming the main family structure in rural China. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between perceived stress and mental health in rural older adults living alone in China. METHODS: 356 rural older adults living alone were recruited in Huzhou, China. Subjects were investigated using the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Chinese Coping Style Questionnaire (CCSQ), and Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). Data were analysed using a structural equation. Bootstrapping was used to validate the mediation effects. RESULTS: Mental health showed significant correlations with a sense of nervousness, of uncontrollability, and with positive and negative coping styles (P < 0.05). The results of structural equation modeling showed a good fit for the total sample (χ2 /df = 2.684, NFI = 0.927, GFI = 0.944, RMSEA = 0.069). Perceived stress (sense of nervousness and uncontrollability) impacted the mental health of rural older adults living alone mainly through two mediating variables, including positive and negative coping styles. The double mediating contribution rates were 42.11%, and 61.82%. CONCLUSION: Coping style partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and mental health of rural older adults living alone in China. Consequently, to improve the mental health of rural older adults living alone, perceived stress and coping styles should be the focus. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 523-528.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) doped with folic acid-modified titanium dioxide.

To inhibit the agglomeration of nanotitanium dioxide, a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) composite film doped with folic acid-modified titanium dioxide was synthesized and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average grain size of the folic acid-modified titanium dioxide was found to decrease by 1.3 nm, indicating that the cohesiveness of the nanoparticles is decreased. The lowest temperature for 1.0% thermal decomposition of PVC was determined to be 230.0 °C. The decomposition rate at the peak temperature is found to be 39.6% lower than that of a control sample. The stability of the PVC is improved due to a lower number of surface chlorine atoms as well intermolecular attraction. A mechanism for folic acid modification of titanium dioxide-doped PVC is proposed. After doping, the ester groups in the plasticizer show a significant decrease in the vibration peak intensities observed at 1264 cm-1, 1736 cm-1 and 1106 cm-1. The doped PVC film suppresses the release of CO2, and the strongest vibration peak at 1264 cm-1 is found to be 17.2% lower than that for the blank sample, indicating that doping is beneficial for plasticizer recovery.

[Effect of acupoint catgut embedding combined with moxibustion on Notch signaling pathway in colonic mucosa of rats with active ulcerative colitis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) combined with moxibustion on the expressions of Notch receptor 1 and target genes Hes 1 and Math 1 in colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, so as to reveal its mechanism of treating UC from the perspective of Notch signaling pathway. METHODS: Thirty SD rats were randomized into normal, model, ACE combined with moxibustion (combination), ACE, and moxibustion groups (n=6 in each group). The UC model was established by intrarectal administration of 5% trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid and 50% ethyl alcohol. Moxibustion was applied to bilateral "Shangjuxu" (ST37), "Tianshu" (ST25) and "Dachangshu" (BL25) for 10 min, once daily for 14 days, and ACE applied to the same 3 acupoints, once a week for two weeks. After the treatment, colonic mucosal pathological changes were observed after hematoxylin eosin (HE) stain. Protein and mRNA expressions of Notch 1, Hes 1 and Math 1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: H.E. staining showed severe defect of the colonic mucosal epithelium with infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells in the model group, which was milder in moxibustion, ACE and moxibustion + ACE groups. After modeling, the protein and mRNA expressions of Notch 1 and Hes 1 in the colonic mucosa were obviously increased (P<0.01), while the protein and mRNA expressions of Math 1 were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the model group relevant to the normal group. Following the intervention, the protein and mRNA expression levels of Notch 1 and Hes 1 in the colonic mucosa were significantly lower (P<0.05, P<0.01) in moxibustion, ACE and combination groups, the mRNA expression level of Math 1 was significantly increased in both ACE and combination groups (P<0.01), and the protein expression of Math 1 was significantly higher in the three treatment groups relevant to the model group (P<0.01). The above indexes of moxibustion + ACE were considerably superior to those of simple ACE and simple moxibustion (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupoint catgut embedding combined with moxibustion can repair the injured colonic mucosa of UC rats, which may be related with its effects in suppressing the expression of Notch 1 and Hes 1, up-regulating the expression of Math 1 in the colonic mucosa, thereby regulating the balance of differentiation between colonic epithelial secretory and absorption cell lines.

Kinetics of thermal oxidative degradation of poly (vinyl chloride) containing Ca and Sn at low temperature.

Calcium metal soap and polyol (dipentaerythritol) additives are replacing or partially replacing organotin in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) heat stabilizers due to their low cost, nontoxicity and safety. Therefore, investigating the low-temperature thermal oxidative degradation of stabilized plasticized PVC from the source is essential for recycling. This work uses isothermal thermogravimetry to investigate the thermal degradation process and isothermal discoloration of PVC/calcium metal soap/dipentaerythritol/organotin soft products with excellent heat resistance at 453-503 K and under air atmosphere. The chemical kinetics method is used to fit a single equation model of mass loss and time during the thermal oxidation degradation of PVC, and the kinetic equation obtained is: -ln(1 - α) = 3.83 × 103exp (-6834.4/T)t. When the temperature is 453-503 K, the calculation results are basically consistent with the experimental data and are independent of the heating rate and temperature changes. In addition, the isothermal discoloration of different PVC materials was tested under air atmosphere at 468 K. The results show that when the test material is PVC/calcium metal soap/dipentaerythritol/organotin, the heat aging time to become completely blackened is longer than that of the blank sample, which indicates a strong interaction occurs between Sn, Ca and dipentaerythritol complexes and PVC molecules, inhibiting the release of hydrogen chloride. At the same time, in order to recover PVC and prevent it from carbonization, if the temperature is set to 486 K, the thermal oxidation degradation time of PVC should be less than 130 min.

Theoretical Prediction on the New Types of Noble Gas Containing Anions OBONgO- and OCNNgO- (Ng = He, Ar, Kr and Xe).

The fluorine-less noble gas containing anions OBONgO- and OCNNgO- have been studied by correlated electronic structure calculation and density functional theory. The obtained energetics indicates that for Ng = Kr and Xe, these anions should be kinetically stable at low temperature. The molecular structures and electron density distribution suggests that these anions are stabilized by ion-induced dipole interactions with charges concentrated on the electronegative OBO and OCN groups. The current study shows that in addition to the fluoride ion, polyatomic groups with strong electronic affinities can also form stable noble gas containing anions of the type Y-…NgO.

Simultaneous detection of transcribed functional assA gene and the corresponding metabolites of linear alkanes (C4, C5, and C7) in production water of a low-temperature oil reservoir.

Methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation is an important biogeochemical process in oil reservoirs; however, genomic DNA-based analysis of microorganisms and metabolite detection are not conclusive for identification of the ongoing nature of this bioprocess. In this study, a suite of analyses, involving the study of microbial community and selective gene quantification of both genomic DNA and RNA together with signature metabolites, were performed to comprehensively advance the understanding of the methanogenic biodegradation of hydrocarbons in a low-temperature oilfield. The fumarate addition products for alkanes-C4, C5, and C7-alkylsuccinates-and transcribed assA and mcrA genes were simultaneously detected in the production water sample, providing robust and convincing evidence for both the initial activation of n-alkanes and methane metabolism in this oilfield. The clone library of assA gene transcripts showed that Smithella was active and most likely responsible for the addition of fumarate to n-alkanes, whereas Methanoculleus and Methanothrix were the dominant and active methane-producers via CO2 reduction and acetoclastic pathways, respectively. Additionally, qPCR results of assA and mcrA genes and their transcribed gene copy numbers revealed a roughly similar transcriptional activity in both n-alkanes-degraders and methane producers, implying that they were the major participants in the methanogenic degradation of n-alkanes in this oilfield. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report presenting sufficient speculation, through detection of signature intermediates, corresponding gene quantification at transcriptional levels, and microbial community analysis, of methanogenic degradation of n-alkanes in production water of an oil reservoir.

[Moxibustion combined with acupoint catgut embedding promotes recovery of injured colonic mucosa by suppressing inflammation in ulcerative colitis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion and acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) at "Tianshu"(ST25) "Dachangshu"(BL25) and "Shangjuxu"(ST37) on changes of body mass, stool property, histopathological conditions and expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, so as to reveal its anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying improvement of UC. METHODS: SD rats were randomized into normal, model, moxibustion, ACE and moxibustion＋ACE groups (n＝6 in each group). The UC model was established by enema of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid and ethanol. Moxibustion was applied to bilateral ST25, BL25 and ST37 for 10 min, once daily for 14 days, and ACE applied to the same 3 acupoints, once a week for two weeks. After the treatment, the rats' general conditions were observed, and the severity of UC was assessed by using disease activity index (DAI) score. Colonic mucosal pathological changes were observed under microscope after hematoxylin eosin (H.E.) stain, and the expression levels of IL-6 in the colonic mucosa tissue detected by using immunohistochemical stain and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: After modeling, the DAI score, and expression level of colonic IL-6 protein detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot were obviously increased in the model group relevant to the normal group (P<0.01). Following the intervention, the increase of DAI score and IL-6 expression were reversed in moxibustion, ACE and moxibustion＋ACE groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). The therapeutic effects of moxibustion＋ACE were considerably superior to those of simple ACE and simple moxibustion in down-regulating the levels of DAI score and IL-6 expression (P<0.01). H．E. staining showed severe defect of the colonic mucosal epithelium with infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells in the model group, which was milder in moxibustion, ACE and moxibustion＋ACE groups. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion combined with ACE is able to improve the inflammatory injury of colonic mucosa in UC rats, which may be related with its effect in suppressing the expression of colonic IL-6; and the efficacy of moxibustion＋ACE is apparently superior to that of moxibustion and ACE alone.

A Near-Infrared Absorption Small Molecule Acceptor for High-Performance Semitransparent and Colorful Binary and Ternary Organic Photovoltaics.

An acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), PTTtID-Cl, featuring thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2''',3''':4'',5'']-pyrrolo[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno-[2,3-d]pyrrole (DTPTt) as the electron-rich core and 2-(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (ID-Cl) as the peripheral electron-deficient terminal group was synthesized and characterized. PTTtID-Cl exhibited strong absorption in the range of 700-850 nm in CHCl3 and redshifted absorption centered at 881 nm in a thin film. The near infrared (NIR)-absorption of PTTtID-Cl was combined with a low-bandgap polymer donor (PTB7-Th) to achieve binary and semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.9 % and 7.7 % (with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 16.7 %), respectively. A ternary device with a ratio of PM7/PTTtID-Cl/IT-4F=1:0.15:0.85 (w/w) achieved a short-circuit current density of 19.46 mA cm-2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.87 V, and a fill factor of 71.2 %, giving a PCE of 12.0 %. In addition, by employing the Ag/ITO/Ag microcavity structure, semitransparent colorful binary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with superior transparency of 27.9 % at 427 nm and 22.7 % at 536 nm for blue and green devices, respectively, were prepared. The semitransparent colorful devices based on the optimized ternary blend gave PCEs of 8.7 %, 8.4 %, and 9.1 % for blue, green, and red devices, respectively. These results indicate the promising potential of PTTtID-Cl as a NIR-absorption NFA for applications in semitransparent colorful binary and ternary OPVs.

[Acupoint injection improves allergic rhinitis by balancing Th17/Treg in allergic rhinitis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupoint injection on expression of fork head/winged helix protein 3 (Foxp3), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) in nasal mucosa and serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in allergic rhinitis (AR) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of AR in terms of balancing Th17/Treg. METHODS: Thirty-two SD rats (half male and half female) were randomized into normal control, AR model, acupoint injection and non-acupoint injection groups (n＝8 in each group). The AR model was established by ovalbumin sensitization. In the acupoint injection group, "Yintang" (EX-HN3) and bilateral "Yingxiang"(LI20) were selected for injection of mixture solution of dexamethasone (DEX) and transfer factor and lidocaine (0.1 mL/acupoint), once every 3 days for a total of 4 times. The non-acupoints, located at the mid-point between the "Houhai" (GV1) and "Huantiao"(GB30) on the bilateral hips and the sites 5 cm inferior to the axillary were injected with the same dose of mixture solution as that in the acupoint injection. The AR severity was assessed by cumulative quantification scoring methods (including the numbers of nose-catching and sneezes, and the amount of nasal secretions in 30 min). The expressions of Foxp3 and RORγt in the nasal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. The serum IL-17 content was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)．. RESULTS: The AR symptom score and serum IL-17 content were significantly higher in the AR model group than those in the normal control group (P<0.05), and significantly down-regulated in the acupoint injection group (not in the non-acupoint group) relevant to the AR model group (P<0.05). Following modeling, the expression levels of nasal Foxp3 protein was significantly down-regulated while that of RORγt protein markedly up-regulated in the AR model group relevant to the normal control group (P<0.05), indicating an imbalance between Foxp3 and RORγt activity(P<0.05). After EA intervention, the increased expression of Foxp3 and the down-regulated expression of RORγt were revised in the acupoint injection group (P<0.05) but not in the non-acupoint group (P>0.05). The percentage of the Foxp3 positive cells and the ratio of Foxp3/RORγt were negatively correlated with the AR symptom score(P<0.05), the expression of RORγt and the content of IL-17 were positively correlated with the symptom score (P<0.05)．. CONCLUSION: Acupoint injection is able to improve symptoms of RA rats, which may be related with its function in up-regulating the level of nasal mucosal Foxp3 and suppressing the levels of nasal RORγt and serum IL-17 to correct the imbalance of Th17/Treg.

[Observation on time-effect for the stimulating at Zusanli (ST 36) with minimally invasive embedding with PGLA in the healthy person].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the objectivity and time-effect of stimulating effect at acupoint with PGLA in the healthy person, and to provide a basis for the rational interval of minimally invasive embedding of PGLA. METHODS: Before embedding, 8 h, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th day after embedding, medical imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning technique was used to collect local T2WI pressure-lowering and T2-Mapping 8 echoes sequence image of left Zusanli (ST 36) in 8 cases of healthy person. The T2-Mapping 8 echoes sequence image was generated by the relevant software to the T2-Mapping image and the local T2 value was measured. The characteristics of local T2WI pressure-fat image signal intensity and the change of T2 value at left Zusanli (ST 36) with minimally invasive embedding with PGLA were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: ①There was no abnormal signal on the T2WI pressure-fat image on the left Zusanli (ST 36) point before the embedding. The high-signal was seen on the local T2WI pressure-fat image at each time point after embedding, there was no significant difference in local signal intensity between 8 h, 3rd and 7th day after embedding. The local signal intensity decreased on the 10th day after embedding, and the local signal intensity decreased significantly on the 14th day after embedding.②The T2 value at each time point after embedding increased significantly compared with that before embedding (all P<0.01); there was no significant difference in T2 value among the 8 h, 3rd and 7th day after embedding (all P>0.05); there was no significant difference between the T2 value on the 7th and the 10th day after embedding (P>0.05)，the T2 value on the 14th day after embedding was significantly lower than that on the 7th day after embedding (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: It has a stimulating effect on the local acupoints with minimally invasive embedding with PGLA in the healthy person, and the stimulating effect has certain time-effect. The effective stimulation time is about 2 weeks. The rational interval period for the minimally invasive embedding with the PGLA of the same specification type should be about 2 weeks.

[Time-effect reaction observation of micro-invasion embedded poly glycolide-co-lactide suture in Sanyinjiao (SP6) in healthy subjects by using magnetic resonance].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the time-effect of stimulation of the embedded poly glycolide-co-lactide (PGLA) suture in Sanyinjiao (SP6) area in normal human body, so as to provide an experimental evidence for clinical application of micro-invasion suture-embedding at an appropriate interval. METHODS: A total of 8 healthy volunteer students (3 boys and 5 girls, ranging in age from 24 to 27 years) were recruited in the present study. A piece of sterilized PGLA suture was implanted into the left SP6 using minimally invasive surgery after strict local skin disinfection. The fat-suppression T2 weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI, displaying local lesion after eliminating interference of fat tissue signals), and T2 mapping 8-echo train images were acquired before and 8 h, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after PGLA suture embedment by using a MR imaging system. After transformation of the T2-mapping 8-echo train images into T2-mapping images by using a relevant software, the T2 values (meaning the relaxation time of the local muscle) of the left SP6 were measured, followed by analysis of the signal intensity of T2 weighted fat-suppression images and T2 values at different time-points. RESULTS: Before the suture embedding, no abnormal signals were found in the signal intensity of T2 weighted fat-suppression images. After PGLA suture embedment, the local signal intensity of T2WI fat-suppression images was relatively increased at the 8th h, and on day 3, 7, 10 and 14 relevant to pre-embedment, but gradually atte-nuated on day 10 and 14. The T2 values were significantly increased at the 5 time-points of post-embedment (all P<0.01), but without significant differences among the 8thh, the 3rd and 7thd (P>0.05), and being markedly lowered on day 14 relevant to day 7 (P<0.01) in spite of being still markedly higher than that of pre-embedding (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The signal intensity of T2 weighted fat-suppression images and T2 values acquired from PGLA-suture-embedded SP6 acupoint area in healthy subjects may keep at least for 2 weeks, suggesting that the stimulating reaction of suture-embedment persists more than 14 days. Hence, when a micro-invasion embedding with PGLA suture performed, the interval of two weeks would be appropriate.

[Acupoint Injection at "Yingxiang"(LI 20) and "Yintang"(GV 29) May Relieve Nasal Allergic Symptoms Possibly by Down-regulating Expression of Histamine Receptor H 1 and H 4 in Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Rhinitis Rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupoint injection at "Yingxiang"(LI 20) and "Yintang"(GV 29) on nasal allergic reactions and the expression of histamine receptor H 1 and H 4 in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis (AR) rats, so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of AR. METHODS: SD rats were randomized into normal, model, non-acupoint injection and acupoint injection groups (n=8 in each). The AR model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of mixture of ovalbumin, aluminium hydroxide gel and normal saline (once every other day, for 7 times), and nasal drip of ovalbumin (on the following day of i.p.for 7 days). The mixture solution of lidocaine, dexamethasone (DXM) and transfer factor (0.1 mL/acupoint or non-acupoint) was injected into bilateral LI 20 and GV 29 in the acupoint injection group, or into the non-acupoints (about 5 cm below the armpit on both sides, and the middle point between the left "Houhai"[GV 1] and "Huantiao"[GB 30]), on the 1st , 5th, 9th, and 13th day after modeling. Symptoms of sneezing, nasal discharge, nose-rubbing, etc. were scored after the treatment. The expression levels of H1 R and H4 R proteins and genes in the nasal mucosa tissue were determined using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the symptom score and the expression levels of H1 R, H4 R proteins and genes in nasal mucosa were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). After acupoint injection for 4 times, the symptom score and the expression levels of H1 R, H4 R proteins and mRNAs were significantly down-regulated in the acupoint injection group relevant to the model group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the non-acupoint and the model groups in the abovementioned indexes (P>0.05), suggesting a specificity of the effect of acupoint injection. CONCLUSION: Acupoint injection can relieve the allergic symptoms of AR rats, which may be related to its effects in down-regulating the over expression of H1 R and H4 R proteins and genes in the nasal mucosa.

Influence of Surface Roughness on Strong Light-Matter Interaction of a Quantum Emitter-Metallic Nanoparticle System.

We investigate the quantum optical properties of strong light-matter interaction between a quantum emitter and a metallic nanoparticle beyond idealized structures with a smooth surface. Based on the local coupling strength and macroscopic Green's function, we derived an exact quantum optics approach to obtain the field enhancement and light-emission spectrum of a quantum emitter. Numerical simulations show that the surface roughness has a greater effect on the near-field than on the far-field, and slightly increases the vacuum Rabi splitting on average. Further, we verified that the near-field enhancement is mainly determined by the surface features of hot-spot area.